How to collect
Kidney
Large kidney (pine, poplar) is cut from the shoot on the spot, and small (birch), harvested with long stems of 50-60 centimeters, and only after drying threshed; obmolochennye shoots used to make brooms. Blanks kidney maintained at logging sites; passing kidney collected during sanitary felling and thinning, as well as in plantations, but in this case - only from the lower canes.
Cora
Co felled or cut down young plants or shoots completely remove the smooth cortex (an old, cracked bark contains a lot of traffic jams and few active substances). Partial harvesting uory (ie, from all over the escape, but only on one side), practiced until recently, can not be recommended, because damaged plants become breeding grounds for fitozabolevany spreading to the surrounding plants, it promotes the development of unsanitary conditions in the plant community. Harvesting of bark, as well as the kidneys, accompanied by management of the various logging. Removing the bark from the shoot shears remove all the extra small twigs, oslavlyaya only the so-called commercial parts, making her somewhat circular incision at a distance of 30-40 centimeters from one another and connect them together lengthwise cuts 2.1, followed by special wooden spatula peeled and peeling. Bark can be stored for 3 to 5 years.
Leaves
When harvesting leaves should pick only the bottom so as not to damage the flowering and fruiting plants. Thick, juicy stalks slow drying, low in active ingredients, so they should be removed (in trifoli, coltsfoot). Nettles first mowing, and when she leaves podvyanut zhguchest and lose their terminated. Small leathery leaves (in bearberry, bilberry) unproductively break off his hands, so they are cut from the shoot length of 8-10 cm, then dried shoots terminated or leaves threshed by throwing part of the stem. The leaves can be stored from 1 to 3 years.
Herbs
The term "herb" refers to the Pharmacognosy olistvennye and flowering stems of herbaceous plants, or the whole aboveground part, or only the tops of the stalks, for some species (thyme, sweet clover, marjoram and some others), the term "herb" refers to a mixture of leaves, flowers and small stems, and sometimes the whole entire plant with roots (eg, cottonweed topyanaya). Grass harvested by cutting with a knife, a sickle or shears entire aboveground part at the level of the lower leaves. Bare stems do not touch. If the plant produces frequent, dense thickets, his scythe mowing and before drying, remove foreign matter. In plants with tough stems (from the wormwood, succession, Leonurus, clover) are collected separately leaves and flowering tops. When harvesting herbs raw materials must be precisely cut and not tear, so as not to accidentally pull out the roots the entire plant. Harvested herbs store 1-2 years.
Flowers
Collect flowers should be at the beginning of the flowering plants. Not timely raised, they lose their color, or stronger than usual, are crushed during drying. This term refers not only to individual flowers, but also parts of the flower (the mullein, for example, collect only the beaters), and even the whole inflorescence (baskets of daisies, marigolds, or linden inflorescence with bracts opaque, etc.). When harvesting flowers terminated without peduncles, and baskets of Compositae plants harvested by cutting the inflorescence peduncle length to part no more than 4 inches, which then have some raw materials are removed. When collecting daisies use special combs scoops. Baskets Asteraceae collected in a phase of horizontal position of ligulate flowers, and those plants which have only tubular flowers, - in the early blooming of marginal flowers. Increased crushed dried flowers reduces the quality of medicinal raw materials or make it unfit for consumption. When gathering flowers from the trees and shrubs for Crouching low use a stick with a hook, and for cutting - shears or Loppers. Flowers - the most tender parts of plants, so they can not pack tightly in a sealed container. It is best to collect them in baskets and dried immediately after harvest. Shelf life of raw plant up to 2 years. When gathering flowers and herbs in the procurement should be left untouched a few flowering plants on 1 square meter for seed multiplication.
fruits and seeds
fruits and seeds should be collected fully mature, with few exceptions. In plants with a sprawling flowering fruit ripen asynchronously, and at that time, as part of a fruit not yet ripe, ripe already showered - it leads to greater losses. In this case, the tops of the plants are cut at a time when half the fruit ripens, then the plants associated in bundles and hung to ripen all fruits in a dry place. Ripening, fruit crumble, they can be easily collected and dried sheaf of threshing. The fruits of Umbelliferae (anise, fennel, cumin, etc.) should be collected early in the morning dew or wet weather. All dry fruits after dosushivaniya screen out dust and impurities, and finally purified by winnowing. Juicy fruits should be collected in the morning or evening when the heat subsides, otherwise they will rapidly deteriorate, and dump them better in small baskets and as quickly as possible to deliver to the site dry. They should not be an impurity of leaves and fruits of the marriage (immature, dirty or damaged), so they should be sorted during collection, but not before drying, when they are lightly moistened and easily deformed. Only the hips are collected several immature: at this time the walls of the balls are not deformed during transportation. Shelf life of fruits and seeds to 3 years.
roots and rhizomes
These plant parts are collected mainly in autumn, when it begins to turn yellow and wither above-ground part of plants, but they can still be found and identified. Can they dig in the spring, before the aerial parts untouched in growth, but after overwintering above-ground part of plants is not always preserved, and it is difficult sometimes to identify where they grow. When the shoots appear with the leaves on the formation of a plant which consumes the nutrients contained in the roots, procure raw materials does not make sense, since it is no longer useable. Roots and rhizomes of many plants can not pull out, because usually the largest and most valuable part of the root at the same stops and remains in the ground. The plant is destroyed, and much good is not enough. Very uncomfortable and tiring digging roots with knives, chisels and other things not suited for this purpose equipment. Wise to dig an ordinary garden spade, although it somewhat difficult to drag into the woods, in a field on the prairie. Digging the root or rhizome of the medicinal plants, it is necessary to stick a shovel into the ground at a distance of 10-12 cm from the stem at a slight angle to the soil surface. Then it needs to be pumped to somewhat extend the incision in the soil, then in one motion pull on the surface of the entire complex of land together with the root or rhizome. First, raw shake off the ground, cut off the entire aboveground part, and then washed under running cold water until clean. If the scale of harvesting significant, wash raw is better in big wicker baskets. A basket of raw materials periodically immersed and removed from the water, giving a dirty drain. Washed roots are laid out on clean grass in bags or heavy paper and lightly dried. Then purified from the remnants of stems, shallow roots, damaged and decayed parts and transferred to a place of drying. Roots and rhizomes of medicinal plants in any case can not be washed with hot water, as this is washed off and the active ingredients. The roots of some species growing on sandy soils, you can not wash - after drying the remains of the earth with them easily shaken off. Raw materials containing mucus (eg marshmallow), you can not wash! Shelf life of raw materials up to 3 years, sometimes longer (Cinquefoil roots, burnet, dandelion, etc.). At harvest the underground organs completely destroyed the entire plant! Therefore, sowing his seed on the same site is required! On the site collection must be left untouched 10-75 percent of plants - for the resumption of populations. Frequency of collection in one place: for annuals - 1 time in 2 years for perennials - in 7-10 years depending on the particular type of resume.